Aquaculture is emerging as a key player in meeting the growing global demand for food. Consequently, aquaculture production has increased significantly in recent years and its future growth is expected to be even greater. 

However, aquaculture faces a major challenge in its efforts to mitigate the effects of biotoxins, which pose inherent threats to aquatic species. Among these biotoxins, mycotoxins and phycotoxins stand out.

Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by molds (fungi), can contaminate raw materials and feed used in aquaculture. The presence of mycotoxins in aquatic species can have detrimental effects on both animal health and consumers. 

On the other hand, phycotoxins are produced by the proliferation of harmful algae in both fresh and saltwater, accumulating in fish and shellfish. These toxins enter aquatic species through their gills or by consuming contaminated water. Their effects can be harmful to both animals and food safety. 

The impacts of both toxins not only affect animal welfare but also cause significant productive and economic losses.